关于铝材料的 10 个有趣事实

目录

Fact 1: Discovery of Aluminum: The most abundant materials in the earth’s crust.

The element aluminum material accounts for about 8% of the total mass of the Earth’s crust. The American chemist Charles Martin Hall and the French chemist Paul-Louis-Thouëlle Eyrou discovered the Hall-Eyrou method in 1886, which was the first commercial method of producing aluminum.

aluminum materials

Aluminum-containing ores have been used for dyeing and drug preparation as far back as antiquity. However, it wasn’t until the 18th century that the true nature and existence of aluminum became known to science.

In 1754, the Swedish chemist Axel Fredrik Cronstedt discovered an alloy of aluminum and mercury called “mercurial aluminum”. He extracted the new metal by heating the ore and reacting it with mercury. However, it was not recognized at the time that the element in this alloy was a separate metal.

1825 年,丹麦物理学家汉斯-克里斯蒂安-厄斯泰德(Hans Christian Ørsted)更进一步,尝试从汞铝合金中分离出纯铝。他将汞铝与酸反应,从中分离出纯铝粉。然而,这种方法仍然无法成功获得高纯度的铝。

A few years later, in 1827, the German chemist Friedrich Wöhler and the French chemist Charles Martin Hall independently discovered pure aluminum almost simultaneously. Wöhler used a method similar to Ørsted’s to isolate pure aluminum from it by reacting it with aluminum chloride. Hall, on the other hand, developed an electrolytic method to prepare pure aluminum by electrolyzing molten alumina.

Fact 2: Hall’s electrolysis method

Hall’s electrolysis method later became the primary method of producing aluminum material industrially. Hall’s electrolysis method laid the foundation for the mass production of aluminum material. In 1886, Hall, with a partner, founded an aluminum material production company and began commercial production of aluminum. This discovery led to a dramatic drop in the price of aluminum material, making it a widely used material.

铝材料的发现过程经历了多位科学家的努力和探索。从最早的汞铝合金的发现,到纯铝材料的分离,再到工业生产的突破,这个过程持续了几十年。如今,铝已成为一种重要的工程材料,广泛应用于各个领域,推动着现代工业和技术的发展。

事实 3:铝材料是工业生产中使用最广泛的金属之一。

Aluminum material plays an important role in the aerospace industry. Aluminum’s outstanding lightweight and strength make it ideal for aircraft manufacturing. From fuselage shells to internal components, aircraft fuselages, wings, tails, wing girders and engine parts are often manufactured using aluminum material. Aluminum material are advantageous because they provide enough strength to cope with the forces and vibrations of flight, while reducing overall aircraft weight and improving fuel efficiency and performance. In addition, aluminum material’s corrosion resistance makes it an indispensable material in aircraft manufacturing. Aluminum alloys is used in medical devices, artificial limbs and wheelchairs. Aluminum products are biocompatible, lightweight and durable for a variety of medical and health applications. 

汽车行业使用的铝材料 是制造车身、发动机部件和内饰部件。铝材料的使用减轻了汽车的重量,提高了燃油效率,减少了尾气排放。通过热处理和合金化可以提高铝材料的强度和塑性,使其强度达到约 570 兆帕至 620 兆帕,因此铝材料也被广泛应用于军事和国防领域,其中高硬度铝材料被用于制造军用飞机、军舰和装甲车等军事装备。

事实 4:飞机如何起飞?

铝材料在交通运输中的使用也非常普遍。汽车、火车、轮船和飞机都使用铝材料,因为金属的重量很轻。由于使用了铝,汽车和飞机变得更轻,这也提高了它们的性能和燃油经济性。

7000 系列铝合金是航空航天领域应用最广泛的铝合金。由于具有出色的耐腐蚀性和高强度,7000 系列铝合金被广泛应用于飞机领域。尤其是 7075 和 6061 这两种铝合金在航空领域应用广泛:

7075 铝合金:7075 合金是一种高强度铝合金,主要由铝、锌、铜、镁和其他合金元素组成。它具有出色的强度和优异的耐腐蚀性,广泛用于飞机结构件、飞机外壳、机翼横梁和连接器等部件。

铝合金 6061:合金 6061 是一种通用铝合金,由铝、镁和硅组成。它具有良好的强度和机加工性能,广泛应用于航空航天领域的飞机结构、航天器部件和空间仪器。

These  aluminum materials are perfect for the production of aircraft and spacecraft due to their high strength, low weight, and corrosion resistance, which have all been extensively studied and demonstrated in aerospace applications for a long time.

铝材料不仅广泛用于飞机工业,还用于生产一些非同寻常的汽车。例如,铝材料经常用于气球和热气球的骨架,以实现轻质、高强度和稳定性。

事实 5:抗氧化性最强的金属

当铝与空气中的氧气发生反应时,表面会迅速形成氧化层。这是由于铝表面的新鲜金属与氧气反应形成了氧化铝。在氧气的作用下,氧化铝会继续形成、生长,并逐渐覆盖整个铝表面。这一过程通常被称为氧化或氧化腐蚀。氧化层主要由氧化铝(Al2O3)组成,具有一定的厚度和稳定性。这层氧化铝膜可以防止进一步的氧化和腐蚀,从而延长铝在恶劣环境中的使用寿命。

耐腐蚀:氧化层保护铝表面,防止进一步腐蚀。氧化层是一道致密的屏障,可防止进一步接触氧气、湿气和其他腐蚀性物质。

绝缘:氧化层是一种绝缘材料,具有良好的电气绝缘性能。因此,氧化层在电容器和电子元件等电子电气应用中非常重要。

良好的附着力:氧化层与铝基材具有良好的附着力,不易剥落或剥落。这有助于保持氧化层的完整性和稳定性。

良好的耐磨性:氧化层具有一定的硬度和耐磨性,能够抵抗表面磨损和划痕。

事实 6:最好的食品包装材料

铝在包装行业非常常见。铝箔可用于食品包装、烟草包装和其他产品包装。 药品包装等等。 铝箔 铝具有良好的阻隔性,不会影响食品的口感,同时还具有良好的密封性,可保护产品不受光线、氧气和湿气的影响。铝广泛应用于食品和饮料行业。铝罐是用来盛装饮料和食品最常见的一种。这是因为铝罐、铝箔和铝盒可以保持食品新鲜。

事实 7:最可回收的金属材料

铝是一种极好的可回收材料。回收的铝罐可以多次冶炼和再制造,而不会失去其特性或质量。而回收 1 吨铝所需的能源仅相当于初级生产所需的 5%。这使得铝成为可持续发展和环保意识的重要组成部分。

在全球范围内,铝罐的回收率相对较高,在许多发达国家通常超过 50%,甚至更高。有些国家的回收率甚至超过了 90%。我们通常使用过的铝罐在放入回收箱后,首先要进行分类和处理,将其与其他垃圾分开,为回收做好准备。然后是清洗和压缩:铝罐经过清洗和压缩后,在运输和储存过程中占用的空间更小。最后是熔炼和再制造:熔炼后的铝罐被转化为铝锭,然后可用于生产新的铝产品,如新铝罐、汽车零件和建筑材料。

回收铝罐还能减轻垃圾填埋场的负担,延长垃圾填埋场的寿命。它有助于减少对有限铝资源的需求,从而降低对矿石开采的依赖。回收铝罐是一项重要的环保措施,对减少资源使用、节约能源和保护环境具有重大影响。我们可以通过人与社会的共同努力,进一步提高铝罐回收率,支持可持续发展。

事实 8:导电性最好的 5 种金属

Despite being one of the most often utilized conductive materials, aluminum also boasts strong electrical conductivity. Aluminum is frequently utilized in electrical and electronic equipment because its electrical conductivity is approximately 61% greater than copper’s. A lot of electricity transmission and distribution systems use aluminum conductors. When compared to copper conductors, aluminum conductors are less expensive and heavier, making them the material of choice for long-distance transmission lines.

本列表显示了一些常用金属和合金在相同尺寸下的导电顺序。

  1. 纯银
  2. 纯铜
  3. 纯金
  4. 铝质
  5. 黄铜
  6. 青铜
  7. 白金级

To ensure effective and dependable power transmission, aluminum conductors’ conductivity and corrosion resistance are maximized. Information technology is another area where aluminum has many useful applications. Aluminum, for instance, is frequently used in the construction of computer heat sinks and housings for electronic equipment because of the metal’s excellent electrical conductivity and heat dissipation capabilities, which support the equipment’s stability and performance. In the production of electronics, aluminum is used in a wide variety of products, including heat sinks for electrical devices, computer housings, and cell phone housings. The stability and performance of electronic equipment are maintained thanks to aluminum’s excellent thermal and electrical conductivity qualities.

事实 9 铝的反射特性

Aluminum is widely used in the manufacture of reflectors, mirrors and optical devices due to its excellent reflective properties. Aluminum’s high reflectivity makes it useful in applications such as spotlights, solar reflectors and vehicle headlights. The solar industry often uses aluminum for solar panels and collectors. Aluminum has excellent light reflective properties and corrosion resistance, which improves the efficiency and longevity of solar equipment. 

事实 10 铝熔点 机械加工性能

由于铝可以满足各种应用的独特要求,铝材料被广泛应用于飞机、汽车制造和建筑等行业。由于铝的熔点较低,仅为摄氏 660 度(华氏 1,220 度),因此比较容易熔化和铸造。此外,铝还可以通过冷加工(如轧制、拉伸和锻造)来提高强度和塑性。

结论铝作为一种重要的金属材料,具有广泛的用途和独特的性能。它的轻质、导电性、耐腐蚀性和可回收性使其成为现代工业中不可或缺的材料之一。通过深入了解铝的特性和应用,我们可以更好地发挥铝的优势,促进科技和社会的发展。同时,我们还应关注铝的可持续性和对环境的影响,采取适当措施,促进铝材料的回收利用和环保生产。

铝有什么用途?

铝因其优越的性能而被广泛应用于各个行业。铝最常见的用途包括运输、建筑、电气、消费品。

  1. 交通:汽车行业广泛使用铝来制造车身、发动机部件、车轮和其他部件。铝的轻质特性有助于提高燃油效率和减少排放。在航空航天业,铝用于飞机结构、机翼、机身和其他部件。
  2. 建筑与构造:铝在建筑领域被广泛用于门窗、屋顶系统、幕墙和结构件。它具有耐用性、耐腐蚀性和设计灵活性,同时重量轻。
  3. 电气和电子:铝具有出色的导电性,可用于电线、输电线和导体。铝还可用于电子设备、散热器和电容器,其导热性和轻质特性使其受益匪浅。
  4. 消费品:铝可用于各种消费品,包括电器(如冰箱、烤箱和洗衣机)、厨房用具、包装材料、家具和装饰品。铝的耐腐蚀性、美观性和易加工性使其在这些应用中大受欢迎。
  5. Packaging: Aluminum foil and containers are widely used for packaging food, beverages, pharmaceuticals, and other products. Aluminum’s barrier properties, lightness, and ability to withstand high and low temperatures make it ideal for preserving and protecting perishable goods.
  6. 工业应用:铝被广泛应用于机械和设备制造等工业领域。由于其强度、耐腐蚀性和可加工性,铝通常用于生产工业机械、储罐、管道和结构部件。
  7. 可再生能源:铝可用于太阳能系统和风力涡轮机等可再生能源技术。铝的轻质特性使其适用于太阳能电池板,而其强度和耐腐蚀性则有利于风力涡轮机组件。
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